Indefinitpronomen — Indefinite Pronouns
🎯 Lesson Objectives
- Get to know the most common indefinite pronouns: alle, viele, einige, wenige, manche, jeder.
- Decline jeder / jede / jedes exactly like the definite articles der / die / das.
- Distinguish between their use before a noun and on their own.
📚 Core Rule
Indefinite pronouns refer to people or things without specifying them exactly. They fall into two main groups:
| Group | Pronouns | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Singular only | jeder / jede / jedes (each/every) | declined like der / die / das |
| Plural | alle, viele, einige, wenige, manche | before a plural noun or on their own |
Declension of jeder with a noun
| Case | Maskulin | Feminin | Neutrum | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominativ | jeder Mann | jede Frau | jedes Kind | alle Gäste |
| Akkusativ | jeden Mann | jede Frau | jedes Kind | alle Gäste |
| Dativ | jedem Mann | jeder Frau | jedem Kind | allen Gästen |
📌 The plural quantifiers (viele, einige...) come before a plural noun without an extra ending: viele Freunde, einige Bücher. In the Dativ case the noun also takes -n: mit vielen Freunden.
🔄 Before the Noun or Standalone?
The plural indefinite pronouns work in both positions:
- Before the noun (like adjectives):
- Viele Menschen fahren mit dem Fahrrad. — Many people ride bicycles.
- Alle Kinder spielen im Park. — All the children are playing in the park.
- Standalone (replacing the noun):
- Alle waren müde. — Everybody was tired.
- Viele kommen morgen zur Party. — Many (people) will come to the party tomorrow.
- Ich habe vielen geholfen. — I helped many. (Dativ)
⚠️ Careful: wenig (no ending) is used with uncountable nouns: Ich habe wenig Zeit. — while wenige goes with plurals: Er hat wenige Freunde.
💡 Subtle difference between einige and manche: both mean "some", but manche often implies one part of a group in contrast to another: Manche mögen Kaffee, andere Tee.
✅ Examples
- Jeder Schüler hat einen Laptop. — Every pupil has a laptop.
- Sie kennt jeden in der Klasse. — She knows everyone in the class.
- Einige Fragen waren sehr schwer. — Some questions were very hard.
- Wenige Studenten haben alles verstanden. — Few students understood everything.
- Manche mögen keinen Fisch. — Some people don't like fish.
- Ich habe fast alles vergessen. (alles = special form for uncountables) — I forgot almost everything.
📖 Related Lessons
📝 Interactive Exercises
✏️ Choose the correct form of jeder (A, B or C):
| # | Sentence | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ___ Frau arbeitet hier. | jeder | jede | jedes |
| 2 | ___ Kind bekommt ein Geschenk. | jeder | jede | jedes |
| 3 | ___ Tag beginnt um sieben. | jeder | jede | jedes |
| 4 | Ich lese ___ Woche ein Buch. | jeder | jede | jedes |
✏️ Fill in the blank with the pronoun matching the English hint:
| # | Sentence | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ___ Menschen wohnen in dieser Stadt. (many people) | |
| 2 | ___ Gäste kamen zu spät. (some guests) | |
| 3 | Nur ___ Studenten haben die Prüfung bestanden. (few students) | |
| 4 | ___ Kinder spielen im Park. (all children) |
✏️ Match each pronoun to its meaning:
| # | Pronoun | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | alle | |
| 2 | einige | |
| 3 | viele | |
| 4 | wenige |