Je … desto / umso — The more…, the more…
🎯 How do you say "the more you train, the stronger you get"? In German we use the double construction je … , desto/umso …: a first part (a subordinate clause starting with je + comparative) and a second part (a main clause starting with desto or umso + comparative). This construction is one of the hallmarks of level B1 in writing and speaking.
🎯 Lesson Objectives
- Build a je … desto/umso sentence with correct word order.
- Know the position of the verb in each half of the sentence.
- Use umso as a common alternative to desto.
- Distinguish this construction from the different expression je nach.
📚 Core Rule
| Part | Structure | Role of the verb |
|---|---|---|
| je-clause | je + comparative + rest of clause | conjugated verb at the end (subordinate clause) |
| desto-clause | desto / umso + comparative + rest of clause | conjugated verb in position 2, directly after desto |
📌 We do not repeat the subject between desto and the front position: after desto comes the comparative first, then the verb, then the subject — because desto occupies position 1.
✅ Example Sentences with Translation
| Sentence | Translation |
|---|---|
| Je öfter du sprichst, desto flüssiger wird dein Deutsch. | The more often you speak, the more fluent your German becomes. |
| Je später es wird, umso leerer werden die Straßen. | The later it gets, the emptier the streets become. |
| Je mehr ich lese, desto besser verstehe ich die Grammatik. | The more I read, the better I understand the grammar. |
| Je länger er wartet, desto ungeduldiger wird er. | The longer he waits, the more impatient he becomes. |
| Je schneller du läufst, desto eher kommst du an. | The faster you run, the sooner you arrive. |
| Je teurer das Gerät, umso höher sind auch unsere Erwartungen. | The more expensive the device, the higher our expectations are too. |
💡 With sein the verb can be dropped when the meaning stays clear in colloquial speech: Je schöner das Wetter, desto voller die Parks.
⚠️ Common Mistakes
❌ Putting the verb of the je-clause in position 2: - ✗ Je öfter du übst, desto sicherer du wirst. - ✓ Je öfter du übst, desto sicherer wirst du.
❌ Putting the subject before the verb after desto (breaking the position-2 rule): - ✗ Je besser die Vorbereitung ist, desto die Prüfung fällt leicht. - ✓ Je besser die Vorbereitung ist, desto leicht fällt die Prüfung.
📌 umso or desto? The two are completely equivalent; umso is very common in everyday conversation, while desto sounds slightly more literary. Choose one of them and do not combine them in the same sentence!
Two Additional Notes
- In proverbs and fixed phrases je may appear twice: Je länger, je lieber ("the longer, the lovelier") — an old colloquial exception.
- Do not confuse this construction with je nach + noun, which means "depending on": Je nach Wetter wandern wir oder schwimmen wir. (Depending on the weather…)
📝 Interactive Exercises
✏️ Choose the grammatically correct sentence:
| # | Which sentence is correct? | A | B |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The more you learn, the better your grades become. | Je mehr du lernst, desto deine Noten werden besser. | Je mehr du lernst, desto besser werden deine Noten. |
| 2 | The later the evening gets, the quieter the city becomes. | Je später es wird, umso ruhiger wird die Stadt. | Je später es wird, umso die Stadt wird ruhiger. |
| 3 | The colder it is outside, the more we prefer to stay home. | Je kälter es draußen ist, desto bleiben wir lieber zu Hause. | Je kälter es draußen ist, desto lieber bleiben wir zu Hause. |
| 4 | Which word is the spoken-language equivalent of desto? | umso | deshalb |
✏️ Complete with one suitable word (Je or desto or umso):
| # | Sentence | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Je öfter du übst, ___ sicherer wirst du. | |
| 2 | ___ weniger ich schlafe, desto müder bin ich am Morgen. | |
| 3 | Je teurer das Hotel ist, ___ höher sind meine Erwartungen. | |
| 4 | Je besser die Vorbereitung, ___ leichter fällt die Prüfung. | |
| 5 | Je stiller das Büro wird, ___ besser kann ich konzentrieren. |
✏️ Match each sentence beginning with its suitable ending:
| # | Beginning | Ending |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Je mehr du trainierst, | |
| 2 | Je näher das Wochenende kommt, | |
| 3 | Je lauter die Musik, |